Saudi Arabia · World's Largest Industrial City
الجبيل
Saudi Arabia
~400,000
Eastern Province, Gulf
UTC+3 (AST)
Al Jubail (Jubail) is one of the world's largest and most ambitious industrial cities, located on Saudi Arabia's Persian Gulf coast in the Eastern Province. With approximately 400,000 residents, this planned city represents Saudi Arabia's effort to diversify beyond oil by developing massive petrochemical, fertilizer, steel, and manufacturing industries. The Jubail Industrial City is the largest civil engineering project in modern history.
The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu developed this city from a small fishing village starting in 1975. The industrial complex now includes SABIC (one of the world's largest chemical companies), steel mills, desalination plants, and hundreds of supporting industries. The residential city provides housing, schools, and services for the industrial workforce.
Al Jubail represents Saudi Vision 2030's industrial diversification goals before that program's formal announcement. The city demonstrates what petroleum wealth can build when invested in industrial infrastructure, though environmental and labor issues accompany such massive development.
The massive industrial zone showcases petrochemical plants, refineries, and manufacturing facilities. Organized tours reveal the scale of development.
The developed beach area offers recreation for residents and visitors. The corniche provides waterfront walking and family activities.
One of the region's largest ports handles industrial exports and imports. The port infrastructure supports the industrial complex.
One of the world's largest desalination facilities produces fresh water for the city and industry. The technology demonstrates engineering achievement.
Parks and landscaping in the residential areas provide relief from industrial surroundings. Gardens and recreation facilities serve families.
The educational institutions train workers for industrial careers. The campus serves the growing population's educational needs.
Al Jubail's economy is entirely industrial—petrochemicals, steel, fertilizers, plastics, and supporting industries employ the population. SABIC (Saudi Basic Industries Corporation) anchors the petrochemical sector. International joint ventures bring foreign expertise and investment. The Royal Commission manages industrial zone development while residential and commercial services support the workforce. The city exemplifies planned industrial development on massive scale.
Al Jubail's culture reflects its planned city origins and industrial workforce character. Saudi citizens work alongside large numbers of expatriates from South Asia, other Arab countries, and the West. The residential city provides amenities including malls, recreation, and schools. Islamic practice shapes daily life; mosques serve the community. The city lacks historical heritage given its recent creation, focusing instead on modern development and industrial achievement.
Al Jubail was originally a small fishing and pearling village before oil transformed Saudi Arabia. The decision to develop industrial cities came in the 1970s as Saudi Arabia sought to diversify its economy and add value to petroleum resources domestically rather than simply exporting crude oil. The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu was established in 1975 to manage development.
Construction began in the late 1970s, requiring massive infrastructure including ports, power plants, desalination facilities, and housing. SABIC was established in 1976 to develop basic industries. By the 1990s, Jubail had become one of the world's largest industrial complexes. Expansion continues under Vision 2030's industrial development goals. The city represents Saudi Arabia's most ambitious non-oil development project, demonstrating both achievements and challenges of planned industrial urbanization.
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